Sodium Erythorbate (E316) is a synthetic antioxidant and preservative (to increase the shelf life of products) which presents itself as a white to slightly yellow crystalline powder stable in heat of up to 164–172°C.
Erythorbic Acid or E315 is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) that is used in various foods as an antioxidant and typically presents itself as a white, odorless, crystalline powder.
Guaiac Gum or E314 is a natural antioxidant produced from the tree species Guaiacum officinale or Guaiacwood.
Thiodipropionic Acid or E313 is a synthetic organic compound (a thioacid that appears as a white crystalline powder) that typically gets used as an antioxidant to improve shelf life and avoid spoilage of food.
Dodecyl Gallate or E312 is a, generally, synthetic antioxidant (which appears as white to light yellow powder) that can, however, be also made only by deriving from natural ingredients and its applications go beyond just food.
Octyl Gallate or E311 is a synthetic antioxidant that presents itself as a white or slightly yellow crystalline powder and is used to prevent spoilage in processed foods, supplements, and medicine, in particular by averting oxidation of fats and oils.
Propyl Gallate or E310 is a synthetic compound (white or pale-yellow crystalline powder) typically used as an antioxidant to prevent spoilage and off-flavors of various foods (especially the fats and oils used within them).
Delta-Tocopherol (E309) is another synthetic Tocopherol (one of vitamin E forms) along with Alpha-Tocopherol (E307) and Gamma-Tocopherol (E308) that is used as an additive in various products.
Gamma-Tocopherol or E308 is one of four different vitamin E forms that can be made synthetically (dl- form) and are commonly used as additives.
Alpha-Tocopherol or E307 is the synthetic vitamin E that is used as an additive. Meaning, it is the “dl-” form of the vitamin (synthetic).
Sodium L-Ascorbate or E301 is a form (mineral salt) of vitamin C that is chemically modified to also hold a Sodium molecule.
L-Ascorbic Acid or E300 is an organic compound (a vitamin) that occurs naturally in various fruits (like lemons, grapefruits, oranges, etc.) and vegetables (chili peppers, kale, broccoli, etc.) and has powerful antioxidant properties.